What a seizure looks like on EEG: evolution

Evolving ictal rhythm · Epileptiform · ICU

Low-voltage fast onset at the left temporal chain that slows, grows and spreads over 22 s. Simulated trace, longitudinal bipolar channels. Open in the interactive viewer

What it looks like

What makes a seizure is evolution: an unequivocal change in frequency, morphology or location over time. This one begins as low-amplitude fast activity over the left temporal region, slows, grows and spreads, then stops, leaving focal slowing behind. 1

What it means at the bedside

ACNS 2021 defines an electrographic seizure as epileptiform discharges averaging more than 2.5 Hz for at least 10 seconds, or any pattern with definite evolution lasting at least 10 seconds. Ten minutes continuously, or 20% of any hour, is electrographic status epilepticus. 1

IctalEvolutionLeft temporal

Sources

  1. Hirsch LJ, et al. American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology: 2021 version. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021;38:1–29. doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000806

Related patterns